Saltersford may have been a small town with a market for local farmsteads and smaller settlements. There are some head deposits and pleistocene glaciofluvial deposits of sand and gravel east of Barrowby. Now, the famous investor warns another epic bubble in financial markets is bursting and the . Green Hill, on the A52, was literally a green hill. Many promises have been made by the local council for a Grantham bypass road. Roffe argues that Siward's death in 1055 made Grantham's new role less important; as such, its soke only grew to its full extent after the Norman Conquest of England, when the king merged it with the soke of Great Ponton. [111] Haldanes, a chain of about 20 supermarkets based in Ruston Road, went into administration. The current owner is Dudley Ryder, 8th Earl of Harrowby. [114][115], As of 2011, Grantham had similar proportions of people who owned their homes with or without a mortgage (62.2%) than in England (63.3%) and who rented socially (17.1% compared with 17.7% nationally); there was a slightly higher rate of private renting (18.8% compared with 16.8%) while owner-occupiers were more likely to be mortgaged than in England as a whole (55.7% of them, compared with 51.8%). The Women's Royal Air Force had been there from 1960 until closure. Located there is St. Wulframs Church, one of Englands finest medieval churches. A former Grantham Company gave us what is regarded as the world's first "diesel' engine', what were they called? There is an open-air paddling pool, football pitch and cafe. [citation needed], Grantham JobCentre was opened on 24 June 1975 by local MP Joseph Godber. Violet Crawley, widow of the previous Earl of Grantham, is the matriarch of the family. Why is Grantham famous? It has a riverside walk linking Dysart Park and Wyndham Park, on which is a view of Spittlegate Mill. [citation needed], The Woodland Trust is based in Dysart Road and has been in Grantham since 1978; its new 6 million building,[147] on the opposite side of the road, opened in November 2010. Dysart Park has a paddling pool and safe play area for children under six, a green for football and a bandstand. The True Story Behind an Iconic Vietnam War Photo Was Nearly Erased [137] The current suffragan Bishop of Grantham is Nicholas Chamberlain; his official residence is in Long Bennington.[138]. [2] The villages of Manthorpe, Great Gonerby, Barrowby, Londonthorpe and Harlaxton form outlying suburbs of the town. Grantham House is to the east of the church, and a National Trust property. [citation needed] Further to the south of Stoke Rochford are the Cholmeleys of Easton Hall. Grantham - Wikipedia Grantham's name is first attested in the Domesday Book (1086); its origin is not known with certainty. Grantham | Things to Do | Visit Lincoln [46][n 3] It was a valuable asset, used by the king to reward loyal followers. It closed in 2006 and was demolished in 2007 to make way for a housing estate. Many of the town's property and industrial estates have been owned by Buckminster Trust Estates since the time of the Earl of Dysart. Birth Place Matching "Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, UK - IMDb Thanks in part to this acquisition, Holt eventually became the successful Caterpillar Inc. Tractor Company. Other parts of Kesteven became comprehensive but responsibility for education passed to Lincolnshire under the local government reorganization of 1974, and both schools stayed as grammar schools. Grantham ( / rnm /) is a market and industrial town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road. Jeremy Grantham - Wikipedia It closed in 1967. The place meant is the well-known town of Grantham, which is found as "Graham" in medival records. [142] Finkin Street Methodist Church was a Wesleyan Methodist chapel built in the 1840s and attended by Margaret Thatcher. [40][41], The local historian Michael Honeybone has "no doubt that the town of Grantham was established during [Anglo-]Saxon times"; its name suggests it emerged in the earliest phase of Anglo-Saxon settlement, probably by the 7th century. [citation needed] Moy Park are owned by Marfrig of So Paulo, with Marfrig's European headquarters at Preston Deanery in Hackleton, Northamptonshire. Anyway by the 11th century the village of Grantham grew into a market town for the surrounding villages. Various attempts at one-way systems in Grantham have been introduced, but traffic delays are still commonplace. Up there with the UK's best towns for quality of life, Grantham in southwest Lincolnshire is most famous for producing a colossal historical figure. [48] By 1129, the manor and soke had been granted to Rabel de Tancarville, the king's chamberlain in Normandy. [citation needed], To the west of the town near the A607 is Baird's maltings, owned by Moray Firth until 1999 and before that by R & W Paul. [48], In 1205, the king granted it to his ally William de Warenne, 5th Earl of Surrey. Nearby are many historic houses including 17th-century Belton House (the Brownlows), early 19th-century Harlaxton Manor (the Gregorys), Stoke Rochford Hall (owned by the Turnors, and since 1978 a training centre of the NUT), and the 19th-century Belvoir Castle (the Manners), in Leicestershire. It was owned by the Swiss Oerlikon from 1971 until 1988, becoming part of Astra Holdings plc. [14] The soil around the route of the Witham is wet, acidic, sandy and loamy; its fertility is poor. Extensive finds and evidence of a significant Romano-British occupation have emerged in the vicinity since the 19th century; it has been tentatively identified by some scholars as Causennae, mentioned in the Antonine Itinerary, and sat at the place where River Witham was crossed by the Salter's Way, a trade route connecting the salt-producing coastal and marshland regions with the Midlands. It acts as a poultry hatchery. [139] Grantham Baptist Church is located in Wharf Road. Grantham is a large market town Only three of the six secondary schools are co-educational. Mary Allen and Ellen F. Harburn reported for duty on 27 November 1914. Mowbray and Co Ltd, a brewery, was bought by J. W. Green of Luton. Grantham is the birthplace of former British prime minister Margaret Thatcher, and Sir Isaac Newton attended the King's School there. By Ethan Shanfeld Netflix Ryan Grantham, a Canadian actor whose credits include "Riverdale," "Diary of a Wimpy Kid" and "Supernatural," has been sentenced to life in prison with parole. [43], Grantham's Domesday entries show it as an estate centre, where Queen Edith had a hall before 1066. A History of Grantham - Local Histories Grantham Name Meaning English (Lincolnshire and East Yorkshire): habitational name from Grantham in Lincolnshire of uncertain origin. It is the second tallest church in Lincolnshire after St James' Church in Louth. [citation needed], The Blue Pig, one of many Blue pubs, stands in Vine Street, near the Church of St Wulfram. The average high temperature is 13.7C (56.7F), though monthly averages vary from 6.7C (44.1F) in January and December to 21.8C (71.2F) in July; the average low is 5.9C (42.6F), reaching lowest in February at 0.8C (33.4F) and highest in July and August at 12.0C (53.6F). [133] The main local landmark is the parish church of St Wulfram's, which has the sixth highest spire among English churches, at .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}282+12 feet (86.1 metres). An exception is a piece of land east of the Witham and north of Stonebridge Road that includes schools and colleges and portions of a 19th-century barracks complex south of greenspace, including Wyndham Park. The River Witham runs through Grantham. Grantham (/rnm/) is a market and industrial town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, England, situated on the banks of the River Witham and bounded to the west by the A1 road. Four years later it was resettled on the 7th earl for life with reversion to the crown. Corrections? [114][115], In 2011, 72.7% of Grantham's residents aged between 16 and 74 were economically active, compared with 69.9% for all of England. During the Second World War, the company made tanks such as the Matilda at the Grantham factory. The closure met with local protests. King John is reputed to have visited with his Royal Court in 1213. The 2011 census revealed that the most common industry residents worked in were: wholesale and retail trade and repair of motor vehicles (19.1%), manufacturing (13.9%), and human health and social work (12.9%). [136] Today the Deanery of Grantham still includes the churches of St Anne and St John the Evangelist amongst its 18 churches. Cartwright, Adam, "Mowbray and Co Ltd, Brewers of Grantham (18371952)". Scattered Stone Age tools have been found, the earliest being a Palaeolithic axe on the Cherry Orchard Estate, dating between 40,000 and 150,000 years ago. Lincolnshire Famous People from Grantham Go back Margaret Thatcher Prime Minister 1925 - Margaret Thatcher was born in Grantham on October 13th 1925, living above her father's grocery shop at 2 North Parade. [21], The historical core of Grantham is bounded by Westgate, Brook Street and Castlegate, and includes the High Street down to St Peter's Hill. He sided against King Stephen during The Anarchy (11351154) and his lands were probably forfeited on his death in 1140, although restored to his son William and confirmed in the early 1180s. Remains of a Neolithic ritual site on the parish boundary between Harlaxton and Grantham are known from aerial photography. Grantham was first after London to recruit and train women police officers. [97] It initially prospered, but declined with the sinking market for large dumper trucks and road rollers. [82], RAF Spitalgate trained pilots during both world wars, initially as a Royal Flying Corps establishment. At its highest the scarp is capped by Jurassic ferruginous sandstone and ironstone rocks of the Marlstone formation. [116] A statistical area covering part of the Earlesfield estate falls within the most deprived 10% of areas in the country; it is the most deprived place in South Kesteven. [citation needed]. The proportion of household spaces which are detached or semi-detached houses is higher than average (27.8% and 33.6%, compared with 22.3% and 30.7%), while the proportion of households living in apartments, flats and maisonettes is much lower (13.1% against 22.1%). Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [3] In the early 20th century, the town's name was still pronounced Grant-m or Grahnt-m; but as people moved more frequently and became more literate, they began to derive the place name from its spelling and the pronunciation shifted to Granthum (the t and h becoming a th phoneme). [149], Grantham's local newspaper, the Grantham Journal,[150] first went on sale in 1854 as The Grantham Journal of Useful, Instructive and Entertaining Knowledge and Monthly Advertiser. It lies on the River Witham. In 1707 the then landlord Michael Solomon died, but left a legacy of 40 shillings a year to pay for the preaching of a sermon, against the evils of drunkenness, for every Mayor. From October 1974 the church was permanently floodlit at night. [58] By the late 11th century it was an "important market town". Before October 1970 the connection from King's Cross to Lincoln Central was through Grantham and followed the A607 via Leadenham. [163], Sandon Road is named after Viscount Sandon, also the Earl of Harrowby. Robert McGregor and Sons Ltd of Manchester would build the road for 1,856,009. Grantham Biscuits. Mrs Elenor Anderson. Aveling Barfords. This wealth contributed towards the building of St Wulfram's Church. [49] The king retook the manor after William's heir Ralph de Tancarville failed to support him in Normandy. Is Grantham a big town? [citation needed]. 12 French Phrases from Downton Abbey | Merriam-Webster The A52 linking Nottingham and the East Coast was diverted from High Street onto the Inner Relief Road, Sankt Augustin Way, in 1998. [146] Grantham is surrounded by rolling countryside and woodland, such as nearby Ponton Park Wood, which has walks and views of woods and farmland. By that time, clothing and textiles each accounted for less than 10 per cent of the town's workers. North of the canal are large, varied developments mostly from the 20th century, including the Earlesfield estate, begun as a council estate in the 1920s and expanded in the postwar period, industrial estates, and a leisure centre complex, all south of Barrowby Stream, by the expansive 1980s estate on Green Hill, the Edwardian and Victorian villas lining Barrowby Road, and the large 1980s and 1990s estate to its north. Transport links to Nottingham and Peterborough attract some commuters. It was formally opened on 10 October 1962 by James Heathcote-Drummond-Willoughby, 3rd Earl of Ancaster, then the Lord Lieutenant of Lincolnshire (from 1950 to 1975). [152] The ground also doubles as the town's athletics stadium (one of only three in Lincolnshire), next to the Grantham Meres Leisure Centre on Trent Road. [141] Harrowby Lane Methodist Church dates from the late 1920s. British Manufacture and Research Company (British Marc Ltd or BMARC), in Springfield Road, made munitions, notably the Hispano cannon for the Spitfire and Hurricane from 1937 onwards. Titles on Downton Abbey explained - Royal Central [citation needed] To the north-east there are the attractive gardens and the magnificent deer park of the National Trust's Belton House. Lord Grantham's wife, Cora Crawley (played by Elizabeth McGovern) is known as Lady Grantham. After that date, London-Lincoln trains still passed through Grantham, but then continued up the main line to Newark Northgate, where the trains branched off to Lincoln St Marks Railway Station via a new curve just north of Newark. In 1800 six inns were listed in Grantham, together with 21 alehouses. [23][n 2], South of the town centre, suburban housing takes the form of late-Victorian and Edwardian brick, terraced and villa houses in grid-plan layouts, initially built for industrial workers and now largely owned or let privately. The faade of the main building as it appears today was built about 600 years ago, but the site had already held an inn for 200 years. Between Westgate and the A52 to the west are postwar retail buildings and blocks of flats. ", "Manners, Sir William, 1st Bt. There was a much lower proportion of people in professional, associate professional, technical, administrative and secretarial occupations than in England as a whole (combined 32.6% versus 41.7% of England's population aged 1674), principally driven by a lower proportion of full professionals (11.1% compared with 17.5%). Isaac Newton was educated at the King's School. Grantham is located within easy access of the A1, close to a number of historic houses in South Lincolnshire. 90.1% of the town's population were born in the United Kingdom, compared with 86.2% nationally; 6.1% were born in European Union countries other than the UK and Ireland, of which almost three quarters (4.3% of the total) were born in post-2001 accession states; for England, the figures were 3.7% and 2.0% respectively. It was originally a hostel for the Knights Templar. The ending -hm is Old English and means "homestead". Lincolnshire, England: Belton House On 15 May 2022 a 10-foot-6-inch (3.2m) high bronze statue of Margaret Thatcher, dressed in the full ceremonial robes of the House of Lords, by sculptor Douglas Jennings and costing 300,000, was installed. Crawley family | Downton Abbey Wiki | Fandom They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. On St Peter's Hill in the centre of town stands Grantham Museum and the Guildhall Arts Centre, which includes a 210-seat theatre. [114][115], In the 2011 census, 48.5% of the population were male and 51.5% female. These hills are of siltstone and mudstone of the Jurassic Dyrham Formation, which line the edges of the Witham and Mowbeck valleys and the shallow valley of Barrowby Stream. [citation needed] Random House was formed in 1987 from a combination of book companies, and in 1990 the site became known as Grantham Book Services. It lies some 23 miles (37km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35km) east of Nottingham. 3.4% of the population was born outside the EU, whereas the total for England was 9.4%. [124], All four secondary modern schools are on the outskirts of Grantham. Phase three for the main stretch of road started in 2021 and due to be completed by 2023. Located on Brook Street, the school's site has expanded over the course of its history, with some school buildings dating back to 1497. [65] Other industries also existed during the Middle Ages; there is evidence of wine trading, brewing, parchment making, weaving and other trades and crafts. By the middle of the 19th century, the Angel had also enjoyed the patronage of King George IV. The fine 18th-century George Hotel was made famous by Charles Dickens in Nicholas Nickleby (1839). Electric trains began running in October 1988. 2023. The Book of Ulster Surnames by Robert Bell, Page 81: "The name is territorial in origin from Grantham in Lincolnshire, a place noted in the Domesday Book as both Grantham and Graham. There were 20 Sikhs in Grantham, making up a negligible proportion of the population compared with 0.8% nationally; Hindus composed 0.5% (compared with 1.5% in England), Muslims 0.5% against 5% nationally, Jewish people 0.1% compared with 0.5% for all of England, and Buddhists 0.3% of the town's population, contrasting with 0.5% nationally. Neolithic people probably settled in the Grantham area for its proximity to the rivers and its fertile soils; material suggesting settlement in this period has been found at Great Ponton. Pop. The UK's first running diesel engine was made there in 1892 and the first tractor in 1896. About Grantham: Our Rich History | Grantham University A mission church, dedicated to St Saviour and seating about 150, was built of brick in the Little Gonerby district in 1884. [citation needed] The company won an award in 1992 from the British Book Awards. Wool merchants are recorded from the town in the late 13th century (foremost being was Roger de Belvoir, who contributed over 296 to the Wool Prize of 1297). [33] Data from the weather station nearest to Grantham, at Cranwell, 10 miles (16km) away, shows an average daily mean temperature of 9.8C (49.6F) fluctuates from a peak of 16.9C (62.4F) in July to 3.9C (39.0F) in January. However, rates are reassuringly low, and the town is a very safe place to live. It was founded in September 1828 and became a public company in 1880. Ex-'Riverdale' actor Ryan Grantham sentenced to life - New York Post Plans in 2014 to construct an Islamic cultural centre in the town created controversy, including protests from right-wing groups.[143]. John Broughton (cricketer) The Nottingham Line (LNER) arrived first in 1850, then the London line (GNR) the Towns Line from Peterborough to Retford arrived in 1852. Their story is documented in 1,309 Days Later, the title a reference to a no-win spell between 2006 and 2009. Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) " Neither moral relations nor the moral law can swing in vacuo. [14] The soil in the lower areas is slowly permeable, seasonally wet and slightly acidic, though base-rich. There is a small FM radio transmitter near the town's bypass in Gorse Lane, from which BBC Lincolnshire and Lincs FM broadcast. [citation needed]. The first part of the name may either be the personal name Granta or derive from the Old English word Grand (gravel), implying either "Granta's homestead" or "homestead by gravel". It lies some 23 miles (37 km) south of Lincoln and 22 miles (35 km) east of Nottingham. Grantham began as a small Saxon village that grew into a market . 18% of people (9.3% in 1664 year-olds) also reported having their day-to-day activities limited, compared with 17.6% in England (8.2% in 1664 year-olds). Grantham has places of worship of various denominations. The King's School, Grantham - Wikipedia Now Barford Construction Equipment, it makes dumpers for construction sites, being owned by Wordsworth Holdings PLC, owned in turn by the entrepreneur Duncan Wordsworth until it went into administration in March 2010. The Angel and Royal in the High Street is widely regarded as the oldest surviving English inn. [96] The Holt system was superior to Hornsby's, but the Hornsby transmission was what Holt really wanted. [5][n 1], Grantham is a town in the South Kesteven district of Lincolnshire, a non-metropolitan county in the East Midlands of England. [105] Next door to GBS and a Gala Bingo is Cathodic Protection, which with BGB Innovation won The Queen's Award for Enterprise: International Trade (Export) in 2009. The former comprises young woodland and open areas of wild flowers, while Alma Park has mature woodland on its steep limestone scarp and offers views over the town and the surrounding area. Gardens. Grantham was the birthplace of the UK Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher. [134][135] The church of St John the Evangelist was built of stone in the Spittlegate district in 18401841. Motorway-style Grantham North Services, at the north end of Grantham bypass, is on a new junction which replaced a roundabout in May 2008. Manterfield, John B., "Grantham Apothecaries: Further Notes". Grantham is an English surname which has been spread to North America and Australasia. There is some 1930s-era and earlier post-war housing lining Manthorpe Road, the A607, and some older housing in Gonerby Hill Foot. He produced a biscuit called Grantham Whetstones. The Priory Ruskin Academy (formerly Central Technology & Sports College) is a co-educational school sited near Manthorpe. Whetstones were a rusk-like dry biscuit enjoyed locally and by coach drivers who would stop in Grantham to change horses while travelling along the Great North Road. In December 1914 Miss Damer Dawson, the Chief of the Corps, came to Grantham to supervise the preliminary work of the women police. This was already becoming common in 1920,[4] and the later pronunciation is now the norm. [44] By contrast, the historian David Roffe has argued that the town and its outlying soke were established in the 1040s or 1050s by Queen Edith and Leofric, Earl of Mercia, to strengthen their hands in the county at the expense of Siward, Earl of Northumbria. The town itself has some excellent attractions, including the National Trust Property Belton House, and Belton Woods hotel and golf course. Kesteven Rugby Football Club was founded in 1947 and plays at Woodnook, off the B6403. [22] Further north, off Gonerby Road and Manthorpe Road (A607), these give way to large, low-density, suburban, privately owned housing on estates mostly built in the 1970s and 1980s. Retrieved 31 December 2018. However, compared to England's population, Christians were a higher proportion of the Grantham population (67.6% compared with 59.4%), and all other groups were present at a lower proportion than the national rates. Behind the Scenes: 7 Times Downton Abbey Stealthily Taught - Britannica But just wanted to add a year on after buying their sweet pea seeds we have the best show ever, grow them every year. In Gorse Lane is Grantham Preparatory School, an independent school preparing entrants for the 11-plus examination. [119] He was married to the (only) daughter of Nancy Astor. He has starred in several productions, including Diary of a Wimpy Kid, Becoming Redwood, Undercover Cheerleader, and Supernatural. Grantham is one of seven accredited universities selected nationwide as a partner in this effort. Notable people with the surname include: Alexander Grantham (1899-1978), British colonial administrator. Who is Riverdale actor Ryan Grantham? | The US Sun [37], Various Romano-British coins and pottery finds have emerged in Grantham;[38] a burial and pottery from the 2nd century AD were uncovered off Trent Road in 1981. [128], Politically the town belongs to the Grantham and Stamford constituency, represented in Parliament by Conservative Party Member of Parliament (MP) Gareth Davies, elected at the 12 December 2019 general election. They are often served with tea, and are a popular choice for afternoon tea. It is operated by local volunteers. Grantham had a small cloth industry, but it could not compete with new fulling mills, which required fast-flowing water. Grantham and its surrounding area host peregrine falcons, which have in recent years roosted in the bell tower of St Wulfram's Church. Grantham Guildhall on St Peter's Hill is now the Guildhall Arts Centre. Donald Grantham (born 1947), American composer. Chatto & Windus had merged with Jonathan Cape in 1969. Their only habitat can be a mind which feels them . (In those days there were no shops so if you wished to buy or sell anything you had to go to a market). Otherwise the area between the Witham, Belton Lane, Londonthorpe Lane and the Lincoln Cliff has suburban housing, mostly privately owned with some let by housing associations. We even saw the famous apple tree and learnt about its subsequent history. Maybe it was Granta's ham. [144], Belton House is a popular National Trust site with events for children, a play area, train rides, picnic area and woodland walk.[145]. Grantham College have a Table Tennis Academy.[158]. The local authority is now South Kesteven District Council. Richard Hornsby and Richard Seaman founded Seaman & Hornsby, Iron Founders and Millwrights, at Spittlegate in Grantham in 1810. The "Iron Lady" remains one of Britain's most divisive political figures. [114][115], In the 2011 census, 69.4% of Grantham's population said they were religious and 23.8% said they did not follow a religion, very similar to England as a whole (68.1% and 24.7% respectively). Both have remained single-sex up to the age of 16. This is the town's main retail and commercial area. [131], The Grantham Charter Trustees have responsibility for ceremonial functions remaining from the former Grantham Borough Council. Market Drayton Famous quotes containing the word facts: " Still, it will sometimes strike a scientific man that the philosophers have been less intent on finding out what the facts are, than on inquiring what belief is most in harmony with their system. (Image. [43] The medievalist Sir Frank Stenton argued that Grantham probably emerged as an "important estate centre" before the Viking invasions in the 9th century and then functioned as a "minor local capital" in the Danelaw. The building, designed by Atelier One and Max Fordham, has won several architectural awards. . Most television programmes are broadcast from Waltham, between Grantham and Melton, due to the line of sight to Belmont being blocked by hills to the east of the town. The population is therefore less ethnically diverse than England as a whole, which is 85.4% white; 7.8% Asian or Asian British; 3.5% Black, African, Caribbean or Black British; 2.3% mixed ethnicities; and 1% other. The former site was officially opened on 23 September 1975 by Michael Foot MP. Howard Imber was born in 1931 in Grantham, Lincolnshire, England, UK. [citation needed], The nearby George Hotel (known as St Peter's Place, now the George Shopping Centre) was mentioned in Charles Dickens's novel Nicholas Nickleby. Brook Street and Hill Avenue sub-post offices were closed in Grantham in 2008 as part of the Post Office Network Change programme. Cloth manufacture declined around this time, but wool continued to be produced for trading, primarily for export from Boston. Ransome & Marles Bearing had a ball bearing factory in the town until 1957, when production was moved to Newark. 10 Things You Didn't Know About Jeremy Grantham - Money Inc [132], The 2016 population, put at 44,580, divides by electoral ward into Belmont 4,900; Grantham Arnoldfield 4,666, Grantham Barrowby Gate 5,195, Grantham Earlsfield 6,557, Grantham Harrowby 4,770, Grantham St Vincent's 7,637, Grantham St Wulfram's 5,461, and Grantham Springfield 5,394.[1].
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